TOWER-TOP ANTENNA ARRAY CALIBRATION SCHEME FORNEXT GENERATION NETWORKS
Abstract
Recently, there has been increased interest in moving the RF electronics in base stations from the bottom of the tower to the top, yielding improved power efficiencies and reductions in infrastructural costs. Tower-top systems have faced resistance in the past due to such issues as increased weight, size, and poor potential reliability. However, modern advances in reducing the size and complexity of RF subsystems have made the tower-top model more viable. Tower-top relocation, however, faces many signiï¬cant engineering challenges. Two such challenges are the calibration of the tower-top array and ensuring adequate reliability. We present a tower-top smart antenna calibration scheme designed for high-reliability tower-top operation. Our calibration scheme is based upon an array of coupled reference elements which sense the array’s output. We outline the theoretical limits of the accuracy of this calibration, using simple feedback-based calibration algorithms, and present their predicted performance based on initial prototyping of a precision coupler circuit for a 2 ×2 array. As the basis for future study a more sophisticated algorithm for array calibration is also presented whose performance improves with array size.
Keywords: Tower-Top Antenna, Array Calibration Scheme, Next Generation Networks.
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